Caring for Your Typewriter
Essential Typewriter Maintenance and Best Practices
The sections:
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Lubrication
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Paper Storage Effects
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Correction Methods
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Carriage Handling
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Roller Tension Release
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Cleaning
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Storage Climate
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Frequency of Use
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Conclusion
1. Lubrication
Quick FAQ – Typewriter Lubrication
1. How do I know when my typewriter needs lubrication?
Watch for signs like sticky keys, sluggish carriage movement, or squeaks—these indicate friction and that it’s time for targeted lubrication.
2. What’s the best type of lubricant for a typewriter?
Use lightweight, high-grade oils like sewing machine oil, spindle oil, or specialized products like PlanetSafe AIM. Avoid heavy or sticky oils.
3. How should I apply lubricant correctly?
Use a precision tool (like a pin or needle applicator) and apply sparingly to moving metal parts—never spray oil all over. Always wipe off excess.
4. What should I avoid using on my typewriter?
Avoid WD-40, general-purpose oils, and rubbing alcohol on painted surfaces. These can gum up mechanisms or damage finishes.
5. Can I clean old grease before lubricating?
Yes. Use odorless mineral spirits and a toothbrush to clean hardened grease. Follow up with a light oil and remove all residue before continuing.
The Lifeblood of Your Typewriter
Maintaining the smooth operation of a typewriter hinges significantly on proper lubrication. This practice is not merely about ensuring ease of use; it is fundamental to the longevity of the machine, preventing the insidious creep of rust that can seize its delicate mechanisms. While the intricate design of many typewriters, built with tight manufacturing tolerances, might suggest they require constant oiling, this is often not the case. Instead, tell-tale signs of friction begin to manifest, such as keys that stick or a general sluggishness in the machine's action. Observing the typewriter's performance will dictate when and where lubrication is needed; adopting a more diligent approach, lubrication should be viewed as a remedy, targeted intervention when the diagnostic approach to its care.
Choosing the right lubricant is paramount for a typewriter's well-being. Among the options, odorless mineral spirits stand out as an excellent first step, specifically for addressing the issue of old, hardened grease that can accumulate over time. Applying mineral spirits with a toothbrush allows for targeted cleaning, and mixing in a small amount of lubricant can be beneficial. Any excess mineral spirits should be thoroughly removed, ideally with compressed air, to prevent them from interfering with subsequent lubrication. Furthermore, mineral spirits can also be used effectively to clean the typewriter's platen, the roller that holds the paper.
For the actual lubrication of moving parts, lightweight, high-grade oils like sewing machine oil or spindle oil are traditionally favored. These oils possess a low viscosity, almost akin to water in their consistency, which is crucial for ensuring they lubricate without leaving behind a thick, sticky residue that could attract dust and eventually hinder the typewriter's operation. Application should be sparing, often just a drop or two applied with precision using the tip of a pin or a paper clip to reach the necessary points, such as the carriage rails.
Gun oil, such as Hoppe's Gun Oil or Rem-Oil, presents another viable option for typewriter lubrication, sharing the characteristics of being a light, high-grade oil. Some typewriter enthusiasts find gun oil to be their preferred choice, and Rem-Oil, in particular, is regarded by some as one of the best lubricants available for these intricate machines. Its formulation is often designed to lubricate and protect finely engineered mechanisms.
In recent years, specialized typewriter lubricants have emerged, such as PlanetSafe AIM, Liquid Bearings, and the Typewriter World Brand, often formulated with synthetic materials and provided with precision applicators. These modern lubricants are engineered to meet the specific demands of typewriters, offering benefits like being odorless, non-toxic, and capable of penetrating the smallest, most intricate parts of the mechanism quickly. Some, like Tri-Flow, which is PTFE-based, are designed not to attract dust, a significant advantage for maintaining a clean and smoothly operating typewriter.
When dealing with parts that have become stuck or jammed due to old grease or corrosion, penetrants such as PB B'laster or Bluecreeper can be highly effective. These products are designed to seep into tight spaces and loosen the binding agents. It's worth noting that PB B'laster has a strong odor, and it is generally recommended to blow out any excess penetrant after use to prevent it from interfering with the typewriter's operation.
For those seeking an alternative to oil that minimizes dust attraction, dry Teflon spray (PTFE) has been suggested. This type of lubricant leaves a dry film, which means dust and debris are less likely to stick to it. Tri-Flow is also mentioned as a lubricant that utilizes a PTFE base. However, it is important to be aware that dry lubricants can sometimes be difficult to remove should the need arise for more extensive cleaning or repairs.
The method of applying lubricant is just as critical as the type of lubricant used. Precision is key; applying too much or to the wrong areas can be detrimental. Using the end of a pin or a paper clip allows for very controlled application. For even greater accuracy, precision needle applicators are highly recommended. Some prefer to dab a small amount of lubricant onto a Q-tip or cotton swab and then apply it to the desired point. When using cotton swabs, care should be taken to ensure that no fibers are left behind in the delicate mechanisms. While spray lubricants are available, they often lack the control needed for precise application within a typewriter. Regardless of the application method, it is crucial to wipe away any excess lubricant with a clean rag to prevent it from attracting dust. The focus should be on oiling the pivot points and joints where metal parts move against each other, and it is generally advised to avoid spraying oil indiscriminately over all metal surfaces. Over-oiling is a common mistake and can lead to a host of problems, as excess oil tends to trap dust and eventually gum up the entire mechanism.
Conversely, some substances should be strictly avoided when lubricating a typewriter. WD-40, despite its ubiquity as a household lubricant, is generally not suitable for typewriters. While it might offer temporary relief for sticky parts, it is not a good long-term lubricant for fine machinery and tends to become gummy over time, potentially exacerbating the problem. It can also resinize and thicken, further hindering the movement of delicate components, and it contains paraffin wax, which is not ideal for lubrication. Another area to exercise caution is the segment, the slotted piece that holds the typebars. Oiling the segment is generally discouraged as it can attract dust and become gummy, impeding the free movement of the typebars. While some suggest that light oil might be acceptable if the segment is perfectly clean, the prevailing advice is to avoid it. Lastly, it's important to remember that certain cleaning agents, such as rubbing alcohol, can damage the paint on some vintage typewriters, particularly those with a DuoTone finish.
When lubrication is performed correctly, the benefits to a typewriter's functionality are manifold. It improves the overall operation of moving parts, most notably the carriage rails, allowing them to glide smoothly. Regular lubrication keeps the typewriter running smoothly and actively prevents metal parts from succumbing to rust. It can be instrumental in freeing up joints that have become dirty and jammed, and it plays a crucial role in restoring the responsiveness of keys that have become sticky or even frozen. A well-lubricated typewriter types faster and with greater ease, as friction is reduced, allowing for smoother movement of all its components. This not only enhances the typing experience but also helps to eliminate annoying squeaks and ultimately extends the operational life of the machine. Furthermore, proper lubrication offers a degree of protection against corrosion, safeguarding the typewriter's metal parts from environmental damage.
2. The Paper Trail
Quick FAQ – Leaving Paper in Your Typewriter
1. Is it okay to leave paper in a typewriter long-term?
It's not ideal. While some users report no issues, prolonged contact may lead to chemical reactions or glossy buildup on the platen and could attract dust.
2. Can paper damage the platen or feed rollers?
Yes, over time. Paper acids may interact with rubber platens, and leaving the feed rollers engaged can flatten them, causing uneven paper feed and spacing.
3. What’s the best way to store a typewriter to avoid damage?
Always disengage the paper release lever to relieve roller pressure. Avoid leaving paper inside, and roll the carriage occasionally to prevent flat spots.
4. What happens if the platen or rollers harden or flatten?
Typing may get loud or inconsistent. Flat rollers cause paper feed issues, and a hardened platen can damage type hammers or reduce print quality.
5. Can hardened rollers or platens be fixed?
Yes. Professional re-rubbering is best, but mild hardening might be improved temporarily with rubber rejuvenators. DIY fixes exist but vary in effectiveness.
Long-Term Effects of Leaving Paper in Your Typewriter
The question of whether it is advisable to leave paper in a typewriter for extended periods elicits varied opinions. Some express concerns about potential chemical interactions between the paper and the typewriter's platen, suggesting that prolonged contact could be detrimental. There is a worry that acids present in certain types of paper might react with the platen material over time. Conversely, many typewriter enthusiasts with decades of experience report no adverse effects from leaving paper in their machines. One theory posits that substances from the paper could potentially transfer to the platen, causing it to develop a glossy surface. Additionally, there is a thought that if paper remains in the typewriter for a very long time, it might, in a figurative sense, seep into the mechanism, and there is also a suggestion that it could contribute to dust accumulation within the machine.
To better understand the potential for damage, it's important to consider the materials that make up the typewriter's rollers. Historically, the platen, the large roller against which the type strikes, has been manufactured from materials like metal, cork, or, most commonly, rubber. The feed rollers, which are smaller rollers responsible for advancing the paper, are typically made of rubber. Over time, rubber components, including both the platen and the feed rollers, are susceptible to hardening and becoming shiny, especially with age or exposure to heat. A particularly common issue is the flattening of the feed rollers. This often occurs when the rollers are left in the engaged position, pressed against the platen, for extended durations. The result of this flattening is often inconsistent paper feeding and irregular line spacing, significantly impacting the typewriter's functionality. Furthermore, a platen that has hardened can lead to noisy typing and may even pose a risk of damage to the delicate type hammers.
To mitigate the risk of flat spots on the feed rollers, it is advisable to disengage them when the typewriter is going to be stored for a while. This can usually be done using the paper release lever. Releasing the tension prevents the continuous compression of the rubber against the platen. If the typewriter is not used frequently, it can also be beneficial to roll the mechanism occasionally, which helps to shift the points of contact between the rollers and the platen. When rollers do become hardened or flattened, options for restoration include replacing the rubber on the platen and feed rollers, a task best undertaken by professionals who can ensure the correct type and thickness of rubber are used. However, do-it-yourself methods, such as using heat shrink tubing or polymer clay to resurface the rollers, have also been explored. For platen that have only slightly hardened, rubber rejuvenators might offer a temporary solution to soften the rubber and restore some grip.
3. Beyond White-Out
Quick FAQ – Typewriter Error Correction Without White-Out
1. What are some alternatives to liquid white-out for typewriter corrections?
Typewriter erasers, eraser shields, correction tape, correction paper (like Tipp-Ex), and correction fluid pens are all effective non-liquid or modern alternatives.
2. How do typewriter erasers and shields work?
Typewriter erasers are made of firm rubber to remove ink from paper. Eraser shields protect surrounding text during erasure, helping with clean, precise corrections.
3. What’s the difference between lift-off and cover-up correction tape?
Lift-off tape removes ink (used with correctable film ribbons), while cover-up tape masks errors with a white coating (used with fabric ribbons). Both allow instant retyping.
4. How do I use correction paper like Tipp-Ex?
Backspace to the error, insert the slip over the mistake, and retype the character. The pressure transfers a white coating to cover the error—great for carbon copies.
5. Are correction fluid pens better than traditional white-out?
They offer more precision with a fine tip, but still require drying time and may need the paper removed for a smooth application surface.
Exploring Alternative Correction Methods
While liquid white-out might be the most widely recognized method for correcting typing errors, typewriter history and modern ingenuity offer several effective alternatives. These range from traditional tools that predate liquid correction fluid to contemporary solutions designed specifically for typewriters.
Among the traditional methods are typewriter erasers and eraser shields. Typewriter erasers are distinct from standard pencil erasers, being made of a harder rubber compound specifically formulated to remove typewriter ink from paper. These erasers often come in a pencil-like form, sometimes equipped with a small brush on the end to sweep away the eraser crumbs and paper fibers generated during the correction process. To use one effectively, the sharpened end is applied to the error, and after erasing, the brush is used to clean the area. For more precise corrections and to protect the surrounding text from accidental erasure, an eraser shield is an invaluable tool. This is typically a thin metal or plastic card with various cutouts designed to isolate the letter or word being corrected. When working with carbon paper to create multiple copies, an eraser shield can be particularly useful; by sliding it underneath the top sheet and between the carbon copies, it acts as a backstop, preventing the pressure of the eraser from transferring marks to the lower pages. Historically, certain types of paper, known as erasable bond paper, were specifically manufactured to be more forgiving to erasures made with these specialized erasers.
Modern alternatives to liquid white-out include various forms of correction tape and correction paper. Correction tape is a popular and clean method that involves applying a thin strip of white, opaque material over the error. The tape is coated on one side with this masking material, which is transferred to the paper through pressure. A significant advantage of correction tape over liquid fluid is that the corrected area can be typed over immediately, without waiting for it to dry. There are two main types of correction tape: lift-off tape and cover-up tape. Lift-off tape has a slightly adhesive quality that allows it to physically lift the ink off the paper. This type typically requires the user to press the delete or correction key on the typewriter and then retype the erroneous character, which engages the tape and removes the ink. Lift-off tape is most effective when used with correctable film ribbons, which have an ink that is designed to be easily lifted. Cover-up tape, on the other hand, works by applying a layer of white ink or a chalky substance over the mistake, effectively covering it. This type of tape is often used with traditional fabric ribbons. Correction tape is available in spools that are installed in the typewriter itself, as well as in small, handheld dispensers that can be rolled directly onto the paper. The compatibility of correction tape often depends on the specific model of the typewriter, so it's important to choose the correct type for your machine.
Correction paper, such as the brand Tipp-Ex, offers another non-liquid method for correcting typewritten errors. This product consists of small slips of paper that have a white ink or coating on one side. To use it, the typist backspaces to the error, places a slip of correction paper over the mistake, and then retypes the incorrect character. The pressure of the type slug striking the slip transfers the white ink onto the paper, effectively covering the error. A correction paper is particularly useful for correcting errors on airmail paper or when making carbon copies, where applying liquid correction fluid might be impractical or messy.
Finally, correction fluid pens represent a more modern iteration of liquid correction. These pens, such as Liquid Paper correction pens, offer a finer tip compared to the traditional brush applicators, allowing for more precise coverage of errors. To use a correction fluid pen, it's generally recommended to shake the pen well before use and apply the fluid in thin, even layers over the mistake. As with traditional liquid white-out, it is crucial to allow the fluid to dry completely before attempting to type over the corrected area. While correction fluid pens offer improved precision, they still share some of the drawbacks of liquid correction, such as the potential for leaving visible marks and the need for drying time. Additionally, using a correction fluid pen effectively often requires removing the paper from the typewriter to ensure a flat surface for application.
4. Carriege - Handle with Care
Quick FAQ – Caring for Your Typewriter’s Carriage
1. Can slamming the carriage damage my typewriter?
Yes. Forceful returns can wear down or damage the escapement mechanism, leading to skipping, uneven spacing, or long-term gear damage.
2. What’s the safest way to return the carriage?
Use a smooth, controlled motion with the carriage return lever. If it resists movement, don’t force it—something may be misaligned or need maintenance.
3. Should I lock the carriage when transporting the typewriter?
Yes. Engage the carriage lock if available. If not, center the carriage and use rubber bands or wrap to keep it from moving during transport.
4. How can I keep the carriage gliding smoothly?
Check the drawband tension, keep the rails clean, and use a small amount of light oil (like sewing machine or gun oil) sparingly on the rails.
5. What’s the best way to pack a typewriter for storage or shipping?
Secure the carriage, immobilize the typebars with padding, and wrap the machine well. Use a sturdy box—double-boxing with foam or bubble wrap is best for shipping.
Best Practices for Moving and Using the Typewriter Carriage
The carriage of a typewriter is a crucial component, responsible for the smooth and precise movement of the paper across the page as you type. However, this mechanism, particularly the escapement that controls the incremental movement, is delicate and susceptible to damage from rough handling. One of the most common ways to inadvertently harm a typewriter is by slamming the carriage during its return. This forceful action can exert undue stress on the escapement mechanism, which typically involves a linear rack gear and a cog. The impact can lead to the stripping or rounding off of the gear teeth, potentially causing the escapement to skip or malfunction, resulting in uneven spacing between characters. Over time, repeated slamming can also contribute to increased wear on the escapement gears, shortening their lifespan.
It's important to understand that even when transporting a typewriter, the escapement is often the primary mechanism holding the carriage in place. Therefore, any significant jarring or impact during transit can put considerable force on these small, precisely engineered parts, leading to damage. While many portable typewriters come equipped with a carriage lock designed to prevent movement during transport, these locks are not always foolproof. Some are more accurately described as centering devices, intended to position the carriage correctly within the typewriter's case rather than providing a robust lock against forceful movement.
To ensure the smooth operation and longevity of your typewriter, it's essential to adopt gentle techniques for moving and using the carriage. When returning the carriage to start a new line, use the carriage return lever with a smooth, controlled motion, avoiding any forceful slamming. If you find yourself needing to slam the carriage hard to get it to move, this is an indication that something within the mechanism is likely out of adjustment or obstructed and should be investigated rather than forced. The smooth advancement of the carriage during typing is often dependent on the proper tension of the drawband (or drawstring), which connects the carriage to the mainspring. If this band is loose or broken, the carriage may not advance correctly. Keeping the carriage rails clean and perhaps lightly lubricated with an appropriate oil, such as sewing machine oil or gun oil applied sparingly, can also contribute to smooth gliding. Before attempting to move the carriage, always ensure that any carriage lock is fully disengaged. If the carriage is not moving as far as you expect or is running off the edge of the paper, it might be necessary to check and reset the margins.
When it comes to transporting or storing your typewriter, securing the carriage is paramount to preventing damage. If your typewriter has a carriage lock, engage it before moving the machine. If a lock is not present, centering the margin sets can help to restrict the carriage's movement. For added security, consider using rubber bands or plastic cling wrap to hold the carriage in a central position, and some recommend holding down the carriage release lever during this process to prevent accidental unlocking. To further protect the typewriter during transport, especially when shipping, it's wise to place padding materials like bubble wrap or rolled-up newspaper inside the type basket to immobilize the typebars. The entire typewriter should then be wrapped securely in ample packing material, paying particular attention to cushioning the carriage. When shipping, using a sturdy box with plenty of internal padding, such as foam peanuts, bubble wrap, or balled paper, is essential to prevent the typewriter from shifting and to absorb any impacts. For maximum protection during shipping, the method of double boxing, where the typewriter (often in its case) is placed inside a second, larger box with padding in between, is highly recommended.
5. Resting Easy
Quick FAQ – Releasing Roller Tension for Storage
1. Why should I release the roller tension before storing my typewriter?
To prevent flat spots on the rubber feed rollers, which can cause uneven or inconsistent paper feeding when the typewriter is used again.
2. What happens if I leave the feed rollers engaged?
Constant pressure against the platen can compress the rubber rollers, leading to permanent deformation and paper-feeding issues.
3. How do I release the roller tension?
Most typewriters have a paper release lever—usually on the right side of the carriage. Flip it to the “release” position to disengage the feed rollers from the platen.
4. Are there different types of release mechanisms?
Yes. Here are examples by brand:
Hermes - Often includes a platen release lever on the right and a temporary release knob on the left.
Royal - Some models feature a switch that unlocks the rollers.
Olivetti - Typically has a paper release lever located on the right or integrated into the carriage knobs.
Olympia - Many models feature a sliding switch or lever near the right carriage knob; some also have a liftable knob that disengages the rollers.
Adler - Commonly uses a lever on the right side or integrated near the paper guide assembly.
Remington - Older models may have a manual lever, while later portables sometimes use a knob or sliding tab near the platen.
Erika - Usually features a small lever or knob on either side of the carriage, depending on model year and design.
Always refer to your owner’s manual for model-specific instructions.
5. Is this step really necessary for long-term storage?
Absolutely. It’s a small action that can extend the life of your typewriter’s rubber components and preserve smooth paper feeding.
Properly Releasing Roller Tension for Long-Term Storage
For those who plan to store their typewriter for an extended period, a simple yet crucial step in its care is to properly release the tension on the rollers. This practice is particularly important for the feed rollers, the smaller rubber rollers located beneath the platen that help grip and advance the paper.
Leaving the feed rollers engaged, meaning pressed firmly against the hard surface of the platen, for a prolonged time can lead to a common issue: the development of flat spots on the rubber. This occurs because the constant pressure in one position causes the rubber to compress and lose its original round shape. The consequence of flat spots on the feed rollers is that when the typewriter is used again, the paper may not feed smoothly or consistently, leading to frustration and potentially an uneven typing experience.
Fortunately, most typewriter models are equipped with a mechanism to release this tension. The most common feature is a paper release lever, which is often found on the right-hand side of the carriage. Moving this lever to the designated "release" position will disengage the feed rollers from the platen, allowing them to rest without pressure during storage. However, the specific mechanism can vary depending on the typewriter model. For example, some models, like certain Hermes typewriters, might have a dedicated platen release lever on the right side and a temporary release knob on the left side. Royal typewriters, in some instances, may feature a switch that unlocks the rollers. Given this variation, if the paper release lever is not immediately apparent or if you are unsure of the correct procedure for your specific typewriter, consulting the owner's manual is always a good course of action. By taking the simple step of releasing the roller tension before storing your typewriter, you can significantly contribute to the preservation of its rubber components and ensure reliable paper feeding when it is brought back into use.
6. Keeping it Clean
Quick FAQ – Typewriter Cleaning & Maintenance
1. Why is cleaning my typewriter important?
Keeping your typewriter clean helps prevent mechanical issues like sticky keys, sluggish movement, or uneven typing. Dust, ink buildup, and grime can all affect performance. Regular cleaning extends the life of your machine and keeps it typing smoothly.
2. What tools do I need to clean a typewriter?
Soft brushes – Paintbrushes, old toothbrushes, or fingernail brushes
Compressed air – Canned or portable
Lint-free cloths – Microfiber or cut-up old t-shirts
Cotton swabs (Q-tips) – For precise cleaning
Mineral spirits / Isopropyl alcohol (90 %+) – For dissolving grease and ink
Optional tools:
Screwdrivers (for deeper cleaning)
Tweezers / Needle-nose pliers
Soft brass brush (for type slugs)
Small vacuum with hose attachment
Type slug cleaning putty
Car wax or microcrystalline wax
Flitz or Mother’s Mag (for metal polishing)
Fine steel wool (0000 grade, for light oxidation on bare metal only)
⚠️ Always work in a well-ventilated area when using solvents.
3. What are the steps for cleaning the internal mechanisms?
Protect your workspace – Use a newspaper or a towel to catch grime.
Blow out loose dust – Use compressed air at various angles.
Dislodge grime – Use soft brushes to scrub gently.
Remove loosened particles – Use compressed air or vacuum.
Apply solvent – Target sticky keys or parts with mineral spirits/alcohol.
Work the keys – Move the typebars to help the solvent work in.
Wipe clean – Use a lint-free cloth to remove debris and residue.
Let it dry – Fully dry before reassembling or typing.
Optional: Remove outer panels to access hard-to-reach areas. Keep screws organized!
4. How should I clean the exterior?
Use a damp cloth with mild dish soap for painted or metal surfaces.
Be gentle around decals and labels—they can peel or fade.
Dry immediately to prevent rust.
For glossy finishes: Use a small amount of car wax or microcrystalline wax for shine and protection.
For crinkle paint finishes: Skip wax. Use a microfiber cloth or liquid sealant wax.
5. How do I clean the type slugs (the letter hammers)?
Lift the slug and scrub the face with a soft brass brush dipped in mineral spirits or alcohol.
Use a toothpick to gently clean out tiny spaces in letters like “a” or “o”.
Try type slug cleaning putty as a low-mess, easy option.
6. What about white residue on plastic keys?
Common on 1950s plastic keys, due to off-gassing over time.
Spray a soft cloth with a mild cleaner and gently wipe the keys.
Repeat as needed—some residue may take multiple passes to fully lift.
7. How do I polish chrome or metal parts?
Use rubbing alcohol or a safe metal polish like Flitz or Mother’s Mag.
For light tarnish or oxidation on bare metal, use 0000-grade steel wool sparingly.
⚠️ Avoid steel wool on painted, plastic, or delicate surfaces.
8. What should I avoid when cleaning?
❌ Over-wetting painted or labeled areas
❌ Using harsh solvents on rubber, plastic, or decals
❌ Leaving behind solvent residue
❌ Brushing too aggressively or with stiff bristles
❌ Typing before everything is completely dry
Tools and Techniques for Typewriter Hygiene
Maintaining a clean typewriter is essential not only for its aesthetic appeal but also for its optimal performance and longevity. Over time, dust, debris, and old ink can accumulate within the machine's intricate mechanisms, leading to sticky keys, sluggish movement, and other operational issues. A well-executed cleaning routine can prevent these problems and keep your typewriter in excellent working condition.
To effectively clean a typewriter, a few essential tools are needed. A set of soft brushes, including paintbrushes of various sizes, old toothbrushes, and even a soft fingernail brush, will be invaluable for dusting and scrubbing away grime from both the exterior and interior. For antique typewriters, it's particularly important to use brushes with very soft bristles to avoid damaging the delicate paint. Compressed air, whether from a can or a portable air compressor, is another crucial tool for blasting away loose dust and debris from hard-to-reach areas within the internal mechanisms.
A supply of cleaning cloths made from soft, lint-free materials, such as old t-shirts or microfiber cloths, will be necessary for wiping down surfaces and applying cleaning solutions. Cotton swabs, or Q-tips, are useful for cleaning tight spots and applying solvents with precision, but care should be taken to ensure that no loose fibers are left behind. Depending on the depth of cleaning you intend to undertake, a set of screwdrivers, both flathead and Phillips, in various sizes, might be needed to remove the typewriter's covers and access the internal components. Finally, several types of solvents, including odorless mineral spirits, isopropyl alcohol (90% or higher), and in some cases, lacquer thinner, are essential for degreasing and cleaning the internal metal parts and type slugs.
It is crucial to use these solvents in a well-ventilated area and to avoid getting them on painted or rubber parts, as they can cause damage. Optional tools that can be helpful include tweezers and needle-nose pliers for handling small parts, a soft brass brush specifically for cleaning type slugs, a vacuum cleaner with various attachments, and specialized products like type slug cleaning putty.
To effectively remove dust and debris from the internal mechanisms, begin by placing the typewriter on a protected surface like newspaper or an old towel. Use compressed air to blow out as much loose dust and debris as possible from all the accessible areas, working from different angles to dislodge particles trapped in crevices. If you are comfortable doing so, removing the typewriter's outer panels can provide better access for this step. Next, use your soft brushes to gently loosen any dust or grime that is more stubborn, then follow up with another blast of compressed air or use the hose attachment of a vacuum cleaner to remove the loosened particles. Moving the carriage from one side to the other will help expose more of the inner workings, allowing you to clean these areas as well.
For keys that are sticking or typebars that are sluggish, apply a small amount of mineral spirits or isopropyl alcohol (90% or higher) to the affected joints and moving parts using a brush or a cotton swab. Gently work the keys up and down to help the solvent penetrate and dissolve any old grease or grime that might be causing the sticking. If the segment, the slotted piece that guides the typebars, is particularly gummed up, consider carefully flushing it with a small amount of mineral spirits or lacquer thinner, always ensuring that you are working in a well-ventilated space. After applying any cleaning solutions, be sure to wipe away any loosened dirt and excess solvent with a clean, lint-free cloth. Allow all parts to dry thoroughly before reassembling the typewriter.
Cleaning the external surfaces of your typewriter requires a slightly different approach. Begin by wiping down all painted or exposed metal parts with a cloth that has been lightly dampened with warm water and a drop of mild dish soap. Exercise extra caution when cleaning around any decals or labels, as these can be quite fragile and may detach easily. After cleaning, dry the typewriter thoroughly with another clean cloth to prevent any risk of rust. For typewriters with a glossy painted finish, applying a car wax or a museum-quality microcrystalline wax can help to restore shine and provide a layer of protection. However, it's important to avoid using wax on typewriters with a crinkle paint finish. For these textured surfaces, a damp microfiber cloth or a specialized liquid sealant wax is more appropriate.
To clean the individual type slugs, lift them up and gently scrub the character's face with a soft brass brush and a small amount of mineral spirits or isopropyl alcohol. For stubborn ink buildup, especially in the small enclosed areas of letters like 'o' or 'a', a toothpick can be a useful tool for careful cleaning. Alternatively, type slug cleaning putty is available and can be very effective. If you encounter a white, powdery residue on the plastic keys of typewriters from the 1950s, which is often a result of the plastic off-gassing, try spraying a mild cleaner onto a cloth and gently wiping the keys, repeating the process as needed.
Finally, to clean and polish any chrome or nickel-plated parts, use rubbing alcohol or a metal polish specifically designed for these materials, such as Flitz or Mother's Mag & Aluminum Polish, which can bring back their original luster. For removing light oxidation or tar from metal parts (making sure to avoid painted surfaces), very fine steel wool can be used with a gentle touch.
7. The Ideal Climate
Quick FAQ – Ideal Climate for Typewriter Storage
1. Why does storage climate matter for typewriters?
Extreme heat, cold, or humidity can damage rubber, metal, and even painted or plastic parts over time.
2. What’s the ideal temperature range?
A stable environment between 65°F and 75°F (18°C–24°C) is best. Avoid places that go below 40°F (4°C) or above 80°F (27°C).
3. How can humidity harm a typewriter?
High humidity can cause rust, corrosion, and mold; low humidity can dry out rubber components, making them brittle.
4. What’s the recommended humidity range?
Keep humidity between 30% and 50%, and try to avoid rapid fluctuations.
5. Where should I not store my typewriter?
Avoid basements, attics, garages, or any place prone to moisture, temperature swings, or poor ventilation.
Temperature and Humidity Ranges for Typewriter Storage
The environment in which a typewriter is stored plays a critical role in its long-term preservation. Extreme conditions of temperature and humidity can have detrimental effects on the various materials that comprise these intricate machines.
Temperature extremes can significantly impact a typewriter's rubber components. If stored in an environment that is too hot, rubber parts such as the platen, feed rollers, and rubber feet can melt or soften, leading to deformation and loss of function. Conversely, very cold temperatures can cause these same rubber parts to harden, making them brittle and prone to cracking or breaking.
Therefore, avoiding storage in areas that experience significant temperature fluctuations, such as unheated attics or garages, is crucial. A moderately stable room temperature is generally considered ideal for storing typewriters. A range between 40 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit (approximately 4 to 27 degrees Celsius) is often cited as sufficient to keep a typewriter in good condition, with some experts recommending a narrower range of 65°F to 75°F (around 18 to 24°C) for optimal preservation.
Humidity is another critical factor in typewriter storage. High levels of humidity can lead to rust and corrosion on the typewriter's metal parts, including the frame, internal mechanisms, and even the delicate type slugs. Damp environments also create conditions that favor the growth of mold and mildew, which can cause staining, material degradation, and unpleasant odors, affecting both the typewriter and its case. Therefore, it is essential to store typewriters in dry environments, avoiding damp or humid areas such as basements.
For paper-based components like the paper itself and potentially the ribbon, a relative humidity level between 30% and 50% is generally recommended. Maintaining a relatively constant humidity level is also important, as significant fluctuations can cause materials to expand and contract, potentially leading to stress and damage over time. Using a dehumidifier in particularly humid climates or storage spaces can help maintain these ideal conditions.
8. The Rhythm of the Keys
Quick FAQ – Frequency and Duration of Typewriter Use
1. Why is regular use important for a typewriter?
Regular use helps prevent parts from stagnating, ensures lubricants stay distributed, and prevents components from seizing up.
2. How often should I use my typewriter?
Even occasional use—such as typing a page every month or two—is beneficial for the machine's health.
3. What happens if I don’t use my typewriter regularly?
Parts may dry out, lubricants can become ineffective, and moving components may stiffen, causing sluggish performance.
4. How do I know if my typewriter needs more use?
Signs of disuse include sticky or sluggish keys, resistance in the carriage, or an overall stiff feel during operation.
5. Can I maintain my typewriter without frequent use?
Yes. If you don’t use it often, lightly oiling the moving parts every month or two can help keep it in good working condition.
Frequency and Duration of Typewriter Use for Optimal Health
Just like any mechanical device, a typewriter benefits from regular use to maintain its optimal health. Allowing a typewriter to sit idle for extended periods can lead to its parts stagnating and lubricants drying out, potentially causing operational issues.
Regular and frequent use is often cited as the best form of maintenance for a typewriter. The act of typing helps to keep all the moving parts in motion, ensuring that lubricants remain distributed and preventing any single part from seizing up due to lack of activity. Even if you do not plan to use your typewriter frequently, making an effort to type a page or two every month or two can be beneficial. For typewriters that are stored for longer durations, some enthusiasts recommend gently oiling the mechanisms every month or two to ensure that the parts remain lubricated and in good condition while not in use.
There is no definitive rule on exactly how often or for how long a typewriter should be used to prevent stagnation. User experiences within the typewriter community vary widely, with some individuals using their machines daily for several hours, while others might use them only about once a month. Ultimately, the ideal frequency and duration of use will depend on your personal circumstances and how often you wish to engage with your typewriter. However, even occasional use is generally better than allowing the machine to remain completely inactive for prolonged periods.
Recognizing the signs of disuse is important for addressing any potential issues before they become significant. Common indicators that a typewriter might benefit from more frequent use or a maintenance session include keys that feel sticky or sluggish, a carriage that moves with resistance, or an overall feeling that the machine is stiff or unresponsive. Often, these issues can be resolved with a thorough cleaning and light lubrication of the affected parts. By paying attention to how your typewriter feels and operates, you can determine the appropriate frequency of use and maintenance needed to keep it in excellent working order for years to come.
9. Conclusion
Quick FAQ – Preserving the Legacy of Your Typewriter
1. Why is it important to care for a vintage typewriter?
Caring for your typewriter preserves its history, functionality, and the unique writing experience it offers, ensuring it lasts for generations.
2. What are the key practices for maintaining a typewriter?
Regular lubrication, proper handling of the carriage, releasing roller tension before storage, cleaning the machine, and mindful use are all vital for preservation.
3. How does proper storage help my typewriter?
Storing your typewriter in a controlled environment—avoiding extreme temperatures and humidity—helps prevent damage to rubber, metal parts, and internal mechanisms.
4. Can cleaning extend the life of my typewriter?
Yes, regular cleaning removes debris, prevents sticky keys, and ensures smooth operation, which contributes to the typewriter’s longevity.
5. How can I ensure my typewriter stays functional and aesthetically appealing?
By following best practices like regular maintenance, careful handling, and proper storage, your typewriter’s functionality and aesthetic appeal can be preserved for many years.
Preserving the Legacy: Ensuring the Longevity of Your Typewriter
Caring for a vintage typewriter is a rewarding endeavor that ensures the preservation of a piece of history and a unique writing experience. Consistent attention to lubrication, proper handling of the carriage, thoughtful storage practices including roller tension release, thorough cleaning, and mindful use are all essential elements in maintaining these mechanical marvels. By understanding the specific needs of your typewriter and adopting these best practices, you can safeguard its functionality and aesthetic appeal for generations to come, allowing the enduring rhythm of its keys to continue to be heard.
